NHC HURDAT2 · SPC Tornado Database
Hurricanes and Tornadoes That Hit Dunkirk, MD
Every tropical system within 75 miles since 1851 and every tornado within 25 miles since 1950.
Data: NOAA NHC HURDAT2 and NOAA SPC tornado and hail reports, through 2025 · Updated
42 tropical systems have passed within 75 miles of Dunkirk, Maryland since 1851, 2 of them at hurricane strength; the most recent was Elsa in 2021. Since 1950, 99 tornadoes have touched down within 25 miles, 3 of them rated EF3 or stronger.
- Hurricanes
- 2
- Tropical storms
- 40
- Tornadoes
- 99
- EF3 or stronger
- 3
within 75 mi, since 1851
below hurricane strength
within 25 mi, since 1950
6 deaths in all
What the records show for Dunkirk
The strongest storm to pass near Dunkirk was an unnamed storm in 1878, a Category 1 hurricane with 93 mph winds when its centre passed 29 miles away. The record near Dunkirk begins with an unnamed storm in 1861; the most recent system was Elsa in 2021, a tropical storm 62 miles away. The 1870s and the 1880s were the busiest decades, with 5 systems each. Of the 42 systems, 5 have come since 2000. Of the 239 Maryland cities on this site, 85% have more hurricanes within 75 miles than Dunkirk. The strongest of the 99 tornadoes within 25 miles was an F4 on April 28, 2002; its path came within 17 miles, and it killed 3 people. Of the 99, 5 had paths within 5 miles of the city centre, and 49 have come since 2000. July has had the most tornadoes, 23. The most recent tornado was on July 31, 2025. Dunkirk has more tornadoes within 25 miles than 59% of the 239 Maryland cities. Hail has been reported within 10 miles 38 times since 1970, with stones up to 2.25 inches. Of the 239 Maryland cities, 67% have more hail reports within 10 miles than Dunkirk.
Compare Dunkirk's storm record with another city →
Tropical storms and hurricanes near Dunkirk
| Year | Storm | Closest | Strength when closest | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | ElsaJul 9 | 62 mi | Tropical storm (56 mph) | Category 1 |
| 2020 | ZetaOct 29 | 35 mi | Tropical storm (52 mph) | Category 3 |
| 2020 | IsaiasAug 4 | 20 mi | Tropical storm (68 mph) | Category 1 |
| 2008 | HannaSep 6 | 38 mi | Tropical storm (52 mph) | Category 1 |
| 2006 | ErnestoSep 2 | 3 mi | Tropical storm (46 mph) | Category 1 |
| 1996 | BerthaJul 13 | 42 mi | Tropical storm (69 mph) | Category 3 |
| 1992 | DanielleSep 26 | 50 mi | Tropical storm (44 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1971 | DoriaAug 28 | 73 mi | Tropical storm (69 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1963 | Unnamed 1963 stormJun 3 | 15 mi | Tropical storm (39 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1960 | BrendaJul 30 | 65 mi | Tropical storm (58 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1955 | DianeAug 18 | 54 mi | Tropical storm (43 mph) | Category 2 |
| 1955 | ConnieAug 13 | 8 mi | Tropical storm (60 mph) | Category 4 |
| 1954 | HazelOct 15 | 49 mi | Category 1 (84 mph) | Category 4 |
| 1952 | AbleSep 1 | 52 mi | Tropical storm (56 mph) | Category 2 |
| 1949 | Unnamed 1949 stormAug 29 | 68 mi | Tropical storm (58 mph) | Category 4 |
| 1945 | Unnamed 1945 stormSep 18 | 4 mi | Tropical storm (39 mph) | Category 4 |
| 1944 | Unnamed 1944 stormAug 2 | 28 mi | Tropical storm (40 mph) | Category 1 |
| 1943 | Unnamed 1943 stormOct 1 | overhead | Tropical storm (49 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1934 | Unnamed 1934 stormJun 19 | 40 mi | Tropical storm (46 mph) | Category 2 |
| 1933 | Unnamed 1933 stormAug 24 | 29 mi | Tropical storm (63 mph) | Category 4 |
| 1929 | Unnamed 1929 stormOct 2 | 8 mi | Tropical storm (58 mph) | Category 4 |
| 1928 | Unnamed 1928 stormSep 20 | 56 mi | Tropical storm (54 mph) | Category 5 |
| 1928 | Unnamed 1928 stormAug 12 | 57 mi | Tropical storm (52 mph) | Category 2 |
| 1915 | Unnamed 1915 stormAug 4 | 36 mi | Tropical storm (48 mph) | Category 1 |
| 1904 | Unnamed 1904 stormSep 15 | 55 mi | Tropical storm (71 mph) | Category 1 |
| 1902 | Unnamed 1902 stormOct 12 | 55 mi | Tropical storm (40 mph) | Category 2 |
| 1902 | Unnamed 1902 stormJun 16 | 66 mi | Tropical storm (46 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1899 | Unnamed 1899 stormNov 1 | 1 mi | Tropical storm (58 mph) | Category 2 |
| 1893 | Unnamed 1893 stormOct 23 | 11 mi | Tropical storm (45 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1893 | Unnamed 1893 stormAug 29 | 44 mi | Tropical storm (63 mph) | Category 3 |
| 1888 | Unnamed 1888 stormSep 11 | 42 mi | Tropical storm (40 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1886 | Unnamed 1886 stormJul 2 | 74 mi | Tropical storm (40 mph) | Category 2 |
| 1885 | Unnamed 1885 stormOct 13 | 75 mi | Tropical storm (46 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1882 | Unnamed 1882 stormSep 23 | 73 mi | Tropical storm (46 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1882 | Unnamed 1882 stormSep 11 | 71 mi | Tropical storm (54 mph) | Category 3 |
| 1878 | Unnamed 1878 stormOct 23 | 29 mi | Category 1 (93 mph) | Category 2 |
| 1877 | Unnamed 1877 stormOct 4 | 49 mi | Tropical storm (64 mph) | Category 3 |
| 1876 | Unnamed 1876 stormSep 18 | 43 mi | Tropical storm (67 mph) | Category 3 |
| 1874 | Unnamed 1874 stormSep 29 | 49 mi | Tropical storm (58 mph) | Category 1 |
| 1872 | Unnamed 1872 stormOct 26 | 46 mi | Tropical storm (46 mph) | Category 1 |
| 1863 | Unnamed 1863 stormSep 19 | 59 mi | Tropical storm (58 mph) | Tropical storm |
| 1861 | Unnamed 1861 stormSep 27 | 71 mi | Tropical storm (69 mph) | Category 1 |
Strength is the sustained wind on the track at the closest point, which is not the wind felt in Dunkirk: a hurricane's worst winds sit within a few dozen miles of its centre, and inland cities are usually past that.
Tornadoes within 25 miles of Dunkirk
By decade
- 2020s11
- 2010s20
- 2000s18(2 EF3+)
- 1990s29
- 1980s3
- 1970s13(1 EF3+)
- 1960s3
- 1950s2
| Date | Rating | Distance | Path | Killed / injured |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 28, 2002 | F4 | 17 mi | 38 mi | 3 / 122 |
| Sep 24, 2001 | F3 | 22 mi | 17.5 mi | 2 / 55 |
| Sep 5, 1979 | F3 | 23 mi | 17.9 mi | 1 / 6 |
| Sep 1, 2021 | EF2 | 8 mi | 11.43 mi | 0 / 0 |
| Jul 23, 2017 | EF2 | 22 mi | 2.37 mi | 0 / 1 |
| Apr 28, 2002 | F2 | 23 mi | 3 mi | 0 / 0 |
| Oct 5, 1995 | F2 | 17 mi | 2.5 mi | 0 / 3 |
| Jul 27, 1994 | F2 | 24 mi | 7 mi | 0 / 0 |
| Jul 27, 1994 | F2 | 22 mi | 0.8 mi | 0 / 0 |
| Jul 27, 1994 | F2 | 22 mi | 0.8 mi | 0 / 0 |
| Oct 13, 1983 | F2 | 23 mi | 4 mi | 0 / 0 |
| Jun 27, 1978 | F2 | 3 mi | 6.9 mi | 0 / 0 |
The strongest 12 of 99, by rating and then by deaths. Ratings before February 2007 are on the original Fujita scale.
Hail in Dunkirk
The Storm Prediction Center has 38 hail reports within 10 miles of Dunkirk since 1970, made on 24 separate days. Of these, 24 were 1 inch across or larger, and one reached 2 inches. The largest, 2.25 inches, fell on May 16, 2022. The most recent report is from June 30, 2024. May has the most reports, 11.
Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather reports, data through 2025.
Weather by month in Dunkirk
The nearest NOAA station with 1991–2020 climate normals is Upper Marlboro 3 NNW, MD, 10 miles northwest of Dunkirk at 130 feet. July is the warmest, with an average high of 88°F and low of 67°F; January is the coolest, at 44°F and 25°F. September is the wettest at 4.5 inches of precipitation on average and February the driest at 2.7 inches; the year adds up to 45.1 inches over 74 days with at least a tenth of an inch. June to November, the hurricane season months, bring 54% of the year's precipitation (24.4 of 45.1 inches); the other six months are drier. September has brought the most of the 42 tropical systems that passed within 75 miles (14); a normal September there has highs of 80°F and 4.5 inches of precipitation. Highs reach 90°F on about 32 days a year, almost all from May to September. Lows fall below freezing on about 103 nights a year. Snowfall averages 15.9 inches a year, most of it in February. That 45.1 inches is more than at 16 of the 41 Maryland stations used on this site (39%). Sunderland, 6 miles southeast, has its own station (Mechanicsville 5 NE, MD): 48.1 inches a year, 3.0 more than here, and a July average high of 85°F against 88°F.
Water temperature at the NOAA tide station Annapolis, MD, 19 miles northeast, averaged 85°F in July and 42°F in January over 2021–2025. It averaged 80°F or warmer from July to August. Sea level at the Annapolis tide gauge, 19 miles from Dunkirk, has risen 1.52 ± 0.04 inches per decade from 1928 to 2025, NOAA's linear trend; at that pace it is 15.2 inches in a hundred years. That is faster than at 92 of the 144 U.S. gauges with a NOAA trend.
| Month | High °F | Low °F | Precip. in | Days ≥ 0.1" | Snow in | Water °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 44 | 25 | 3.0 | 6 | 5.7 | 42 |
| Feb | 47 | 26 | 2.7 | 5 | 6.3 | 42 |
| Mar | 55 | 33 | 3.9 | 7 | 1.7 | 50 |
| Apr | 67 | 44 | 3.4 | 7 | 0.0 | 59 |
| May | 75 | 54 | 4.1 | 7 | 0.0 | 68 |
| Jun | 84 | 63 | 4.2 | 7 | 0.0 | 78 |
| Jul | 88 | 67 | 4.2 | 6 | 0.0 | 85 |
| Aug | 86 | 65 | 4.1 | 6 | 0.0 | 84 |
| Sep | 80 | 58 | 4.5 | 6 | 0.0 | 78 |
| Oct | 69 | 46 | 4.1 | 5 | 0.0 | 69 |
| Nov | 58 | 36 | 3.3 | 5 | 0.0 | 58 |
| Dec | 48 | 29 | 3.6 | 7 | 2.2 | 47 |
| Year | 67 | 45 | 45.1 | 74 | 15.9 | 63 |
Averages for 1991–2020 at Upper Marlboro 3 NNW, MD (130 ft), from NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals; water temperature: average of hourly readings 2021–2025 at the NOAA tide station Annapolis, MD, from NOAA Tides & Currents. Normals describe the station; the farther a place is from it, and the bigger the difference in height, the more its weather can differ.
Floods, thunderstorm wind and lightning near Dunkirk
Since 1996, the National Weather Service has logged 328 flood, rain, thunderstorm wind and lightning events that began within 10 miles of Dunkirk: 259 thunderstorm wind reports, 53 floods and 16 flash floods. They killed 1 person and injured 2, and the NWS estimated $1.3 million in property and crop damage. The strongest thunderstorm gust on record here was 90 mph, on May 31, 2008. September has had the most flash floods, 5 of 16. Of the 239 Maryland cities on this site with a flash flood on record, 54 have had fewer than Dunkirk.
June 11, 2026: thunderstorm wind 8 miles from the centre of Dunkirk — 1 killed, $1,000 damage.
August 1, 2011: thunderstorm wind 8 miles from the centre of Dunkirk — 2 injured, $100,000 damage.
May 27, 2022: thunderstorm wind 7 miles from the centre of Dunkirk — $150,000 damage.
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, events whose starting point is on record, 1996 to June 30, 2026. Damage is the NWS estimate in the dollars of the year, not insured losses, and NWS notes that some reports are unverified.
Flood insurance claims, disaster declarations and FEMA risk ratings
Calvert County, which includes Dunkirk, has been named in 24 federal disaster or emergency declarations since 1972, 17 of them major disasters (by incident: 8 hurricanes, 6 snowstorms, 4 severe storms, 2 biological emergencies). The latest major disaster declaration was Tropical Storm Isaias, on February 4, 2021. FEMA's National Risk Index gives Calvert County a Very Low rating for natural hazard risk overall; by hazard: Relatively Moderate for hurricanes and lightning; Relatively Low for coastal flooding, strong wind and heat waves; Very Low for tornadoes, hail and inland flooding. It models the county's expected loss from all 18 hazards it covers at $16.0 million a year, the 17th highest of 24 Maryland counties; of the hazards above, the largest share, $5.7 million (36%), is from inland flooding.
Claims: FEMA, OpenFEMA Dataset FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims – v3, summed over ZIP codes; payments in the dollars of each year, not adjusted for inflation. Declarations: Disaster Declarations Summaries – v2, by county. Retrieved October 25, 2026. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
Risk ratings: FEMA, National Risk Index county table, December 2025 (v1.20), retrieved October 26, 2026; ratings compare counties nationwide, are meant for planning and are no substitute for a local risk assessment. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
What counts as a pass, the distances and the sources: how this storm history is built.